Jerusalem (Hebrew Extinct as a regularly spoken language by the 4th century CE, but survived as a liturgical and literary language; revived in the 1880s: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (audio) (help·info), Yerushaláyim (for the meaning, see below); Arabic Arabic (العربية al-ʿarabīyah, ( Arabic pronunciation ) or عربي ʿarabi) is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages such as Hebrew and the Neo-Aramaic languages. Arabic has more speakers than any other language in the Semitic language family. It is spoken by more than 280 million: القُدس (audio) (help·info), al-Quds Sharif, lit. "The Holy Sanctuary"; Yiddish Yiddish is a High German language of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, spoken throughout the world. It developed as a fusion of German dialects with Hebrew, Aramaic, Slavic languages and traces of Romance languages. It is written in the Hebrew alphabet: ירושלים Yərusholáyəm)[ii] is the capital A capital city is the area of a country, province, region, or state, regarded as enjoying primary status; although there are exceptions, a capital is almost always a city which physically encompasses the offices and meeting places of the seat of government and is fixed by law. An alternate term is political capital, but this phrase has a second[iii] of Israel Israel , officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל (help·info), Medīnat Yisrā'el; Arabic: دَوْلَةُ إِسْرَائِيلَ, Dawlat Isrā'īl), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the and, if including the area and population of East Jerusalem East Jerusalem is the parts of Jerusalem captured by Jordan in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and then taken by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. It includes Jerusalem's Old City and some of the holiest sites of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, such as the Temple Mount, Western Wall, Al-Aqsa Mosque, and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The term ", its largest city The following list of Israeli cities is based on the current index of the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics . Within Israel's system of local government, an urban municipality can be granted a city council by the Israeli Interior Ministry when its population exceeds 20,000. The term "city" does not generally refer to local councils or[1] in both population and area,[2] with a population of 763,800 residents over an area of 125.1 km2 (48.3 sq mi The square mile is an imperial and US unit of measure for an area equal to the area of a square of one statute mile. It should not be confused with miles square, which refers to the number of miles on each side squared. For instance, 20 miles square (20 × 20 miles) is equal to 400 square miles).[3][4][iv] Located in the Judean Mountains The Judean Mountains, also referred to as the Judean Hills or Hebron Hills and Jibal al-Khalil, is the name for the mountain range in Israel and the West Bank where Jerusalem and several other biblical cities are located.[citation needed], between the Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Anatolia and Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is technically a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a completely separate and the northern edge of the Dead Sea The Dead Sea , also called the Salt Sea, is a salt lake bordering Jordan to the east, and Israel and the West Bank to the west. Its surface and shores are 422 metres (1,385 ft) below sea level, the lowest elevation on the Earth's surface on dry land. The Dead Sea is 378 m (1,240 ft) deep, the deepest hypersaline lake in the world. It is also one, modern Jerusalem has grown far beyond the boundaries of the Old City The Old City is a 0.9 square kilometre (0.35 square mile) walled area within the modern city of Jerusalem; it lies within East Jerusalem. Until the 1860s this area constituted the entire city of Jerusalem. The Old City is home to several sites of key religious importance: the Temple Mount and its Western Wall for Jews, the Church of the Holy.
The oldest part of the city, the City of David In ancient times, the City of David was separated from the Temple Mount by the Ophel, an uninhabited area which became the seat of government under Israelite rule. During the reign of Hezekiah, the walls of the city were expanded westward, enclosing a previously unwalled suburb in the area now known as the Old City of Jerusalem, west of the Temple, was settled in the 4th millennium BCE The city states of Sumer and the kingdom of Egypt are established and grow to prominence. Agriculture spreads widely across Eurasia. World population in the course of the millennium doubles, approximately from 7 to 14 million people, making Jerusalem one of the oldest cities in the world Several cities listed here each popularly claim to be "the oldest city in the world". Caveats to the validity of each claim are discussed in the "Notes" column.[5] Jerusalem is the holiest city in Judaism Judaism is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people. Judaism, originating in the Hebrew Bible and explored in later texts such as the Talmud, is considered by Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship God developed with the Children of Israel. According to traditional Rabbinic Judaism, God revealed and has been the spiritual center of the Jewish people The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation. Converts to Judaism, whose status as Jews within the Jewish ethnos since c. 1000 BCE, when David David was the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible. He is depicted as a righteous king, although not without fault, as well as an acclaimed warrior, musician and poet, traditionally credited for composing many of the psalms contained in the Book of Psalms the King of Israel first established it as the capital of the united Kingdom of Israel The united Kingdom of Israel was a kingdom that existed in the Land of Israel, according to the Bible, a period referred to by scholars as the United Monarchy. Historians date the kingdom from c. 1020 BC to c. 930 BC, though there are differences of opinion as to exact dates (Psalms Psalms is a book of the Hebrew Bible. Taken together, its 150 sacred poems "express virtually the full range of Israel's religious faith." 122), and his son Solomon Solomon was, according to the Hebrew Bible, a King of Israel. The biblical accounts identify Solomon as the son of David. He is also called Jedidiah in 2 Samuel 12:25, and is described as the third king of the United Monarchy, and the final king before the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah split; following the split his commissioned the building of the First Temple The Temple in Jerusalem or Holy Temple , refers to one of a series of structures located on the Temple Mount in the old city of Jerusalem. Historically, two temples stood at this location and functioned as the centre of ancient Jewish worship. According to classical Jewish belief, the Temple acted as the figurative "footstool" of God's in the city.[6] Jerusalem is also considered a holy city in Christianity and contains a number of significant Christian sites, and, due to the mentioning of 'The Farthest Mosque' in the Qur'an The Qur’an is the central religious verbal text of Islam, also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, Qur’ān, Coran or Al-Qur’ān. Muslims believe the Qur’an to be the verbal book of divine guidance and direction for mankind. Muslims also consider the original Arabic verbal text to be the final revelation of God (Sura al-Isra Sura Al-Isra , also called Sura Bani Isra'il (i.e. Children of Israel), is the 17th chapter of the Qur'an, with 111 verses) and the subsequent building of a mosque called 'the Farthest Mosque' on the Temple Mount The Temple Mount , also known as Mount Moriah and by Muslims as the Noble Sanctuary (Arabic: الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram al-qudsī ash-sharīf), is a religious site in the Old City of Jerusalem, Islam regards Jerusalem as its third-holiest city.[7] Despite having an area of only 0.9 square kilometer (0.35 square mile),[8] the Old City is home to sites of key religious importance, among them the Temple Mount The Temple Mount , also known as Mount Moriah and by Muslims as the Noble Sanctuary (Arabic: الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram al-qudsī ash-sharīf), is a religious site in the Old City of Jerusalem, the Western Wall The Western Wall , also the Wailing Wall or the Kotel (lit. Wall; Ashkenazic pronunciation: Kosel); (Arabic: حائط البراق, translit.: Ḥā'iṭ Al-Burāq) is a remnant of the wall that surrounded the Jewish Temple, and is located in the Old City of Jerusalem at the foot of the Temple Mount. One of the most sacred sites in Judaism, it, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Greek: Ναός της Αναστάσεως, Naos tis Anastaseos; Armenian: Սուրբ Հարություն, Surp Harutyun; Arabic: كنيسة القيامة, Kanīsat al-Qiyāma), also called the Church of the Resurrection by Eastern Christians, is a Christian church within the walled Old City of Jerusalem, the Dome of the Rock The Dome of the Rock is an Islamic shrine and major landmark located on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. It was completed in 691-692, making it the oldest existing Islamic building in the world. The site's significance stems from the religious beliefs regarding the rock, known as the Foundation Stone, at its heart and al-Aqsa Mosque Al-Aqsa Mosque (Arabic:المسجد الاقصى, IPA /æl'mæsʒɪd æl'ɑqsˁɑ/, al-Masjid al-Aqsa translit: "the Farthest Mosque"), also known as al-Aqsa, is an Islamic holy place in the Old City of Jerusalem. The site that includes the mosque (along with the Dome of the Rock) is also referred to as al-Haram ash-Sharif or ". The old walled city, a World Heritage site, has been traditionally divided into four quarters, although the names used today—the Armenian The Armenian Quarter is one of the four quarters of the Old City of Jerusalem. The Armenian Quarter is the smallest of the four quarters, with the smallest number of residents, Christian The Christian Quarter is one of the four quarters of the ancient, walled Old City of Jerusalem, the other three being the Jewish Quarter, the Muslim Quarter and the Armenian Quarter. The Christian Quarter is situated in the northwestern corner of the Old City, extending from the New Gate in the north, along the western wall of the Old City as far, Jewish, and Muslim The Muslim Quarter is one of the four quarters of the ancient, walled Old City of Jerusalem. It covers 31 hectares (76 acres) of the northeastern sector of the Old City. The quarter is the largest and most populous and extends from the Lions' Gate in the east, along the northern wall of the Temple Mount in the south, to the Damascus Gate—Western Quarters—were introduced in the early 19th century.[9] The Old City was nominated for inclusion on the List of World Heritage Sites in danger These are thirty sites which the UNESCO World Heritage Committee has decided to include on a list of World Heritage Sites in danger; this list also shows the year in which the World Heritage Committee added the site to this list by Jordan in 1982.[10] During its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed twice, besieged 23 times, attacked 52 times, and captured and recaptured 44 times.[11]
Today, the status of Jerusalem There are differing legal and diplomatic positions on Jerusalem held within the international community. States and scholars alike are divided over the legal status of Jerusalem under international law. Most countries of the world do not recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital. Many do not recognize it as a city that is properly Israel's. Many UN remains one of the core issues in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Israel annexed East Jerusalem East Jerusalem is the parts of Jerusalem captured by Jordan in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and then taken by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. It includes Jerusalem's Old City and some of the holiest sites of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, such as the Temple Mount, Western Wall, Al-Aqsa Mosque, and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The term " and considers it a part of Israel, although this has been repeatedly criticized by the United Nations and related bodies.[12][13] Placing most foreign embassies in Tel Aviv Tel Aviv-Yafo , usually referred to as Tel Aviv, is the second-largest city in Israel, with an estimated population of 393,900. The city is situated on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline, with a land area of 51.4 square kilometres (19.8 sq mi). It is the largest and most populous city in the metropolitan area of Gush Dan, home to 3.2 million and none in Jerusalem, the international community does not recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.[14][15] Palestinians The Palestinian people, also referred to as Palestinians or Palestinian Arabs (Arabic: الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn; Arabic: العرب الفلسطينيون, al-`Arab al-filasTīnīyyūn), are an Arabic-speaking people with family origins in Palestine. The total Palestinian population is estimated at approximately 12 million, want East Jerusalem to be the capital of a future Palestinian state Proposals for a Palestinian state refer to the proposed establishment of an independent state for the Palestinian people in the Palestinian territories that have been occupied by Israel since the Six-Day War of 1967 and before by Egypt and by Jordan (West Bank) since 1949. The proposals include the Gaza Strip, which is currently controlled by the.[16][17] Israel, however, considers the entire city to be a part of Israel following its annexation of East Jerusalem through the Jerusalem Law The Jerusalem Law is a common name of Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel passed by the Knesset on July 30, 1980 of 1980 1980 was a leap year that started on a Tuesday. In the Gregorian calendar, the year 1980 was the 1980th year in the Anno Domini or Common Era, the 80th year of the 20th century, and the 980th year of the 2nd millennium. It was also the first year of the 1980s.
All branches of the Israeli government are located in Jerusalem, including the Knesset The Knesset (Hebrew: הכנסת, ˈhɑknɛsɛt ; lit. the gathering or assembly; Arabic: الكنيست) is the legislature of Israel, located in Givat Ram, Jerusalem (Israel's parliament), the residences of the Prime Minister The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and the most powerful political figure in Israel (the title of President of Israel is an honorary position). The prime minister is the country's chief executive. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem. The current prime minister is and President The President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with executive real power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007. Presidents are elected by the Knesset for a seven year term, and are, and the Supreme Court The Supreme Court is at the head of the court system in the State of Israel. It is the highest judicial instance. The Supreme Court sits in Jerusalem. The area of its jurisdiction is the entire state. A ruling of the Supreme Court is binding upon every court, other than the Supreme Court itself. This is the principle of binding precedent (stare. Jerusalem is home to the Hebrew University The Hebrew University of Jerusalem is Israel's oldest university and to the Israel Museum The Israel Museum was founded in 1965 as Israel's national museum. It is situated on a hill in the Givat Ram neighborhood of Jerusalem, near the Knesset, the Israeli Supreme Court, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem with its Shrine of the Book The Shrine of the Book , a wing of the Israel Museum near Givat Ram in Jerusalem, houses the Dead Sea Scrolls—discovered 1947–56 in 11 caves in and around the Wadi Qumran. Initially, it was intended to build the shrine on the Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University, adjoining the National Library. The Jerusalem Biblical Zoo has ranked consistently as Israel's top tourist attraction for Israelis.[18][19] The popular Teddy Stadium is considered one of the leading association football (soccer) stadiums in the country.
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Wed, 01 Sep 2010 04:12:45 GMT+00:00
Yeshiva World News Around 1000 Charedim protested Tuesday morning at dawn in Kikar Shabbos in Jerusalem against the continued desecration of graves in Jaffa. ...
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Hellig og omstridt Foto Chris Yunker Flickr Jerusalem har vaert det geografiske og andelige sentrum i joedenes religion i snart tre tusen ar Tidligere valfartet joeder tre ganger
Tue, 16 Mar 2010 12:28:39 PDT
Clashes between Israeli security forces and Palestinians in the street were escalating Tuesday. Rage was deepening over Israeli plans to build ... youtube.com.
