Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England. The Order is dedicated to the image and arms of St. George as England's patron saint, and is presently bestowed on recipients from British and other realms; it is the pinnacle of the honours system in the United Kingdom. Membership in the, OM The Order of Merit [n 1] is an order recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by King Edward VII, admission into the Order remains the personal gift of the order's Sovereign, the reigning monarch of the Commonwealth realms, and is limited to 24 living, PC Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. Its members are largely senior politicians, who were or are members of either the House of Commons or House of Lords of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, FRS The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as the Royal Society, is a learned society for science, and is arguably the oldest such society in existence. Founded in November 1660, it was granted a Royal Charter by King Charles II as the "Royal Society of London". The Society was initially an (née Roberts; born 13 October 1925) served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom and the Head of Her Majesty's Government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party, and ultimately to the electorate from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party The Conservative and Unionist Party is a political party in the United Kingdom. Founded in its present form during the early 19th century, it has since been the principal centre-right party in the UK from 1975 to 1990. She is the only woman to have held either post.[2]
Born in Grantham Grantham is a market town within the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It bestrides the East Coast Main Line railway , the historic A1 main north-south road, and the River Witham. Grantham is located approximately 26 miles (42 km) south of the city of Lincoln, and approximately 24 miles (39 km) east of Nottingham. The resident in Lincolnshire The ceremonial county of Lincolnshire is composed of the non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire and the area covered by the unitary authorities of North Lincolnshire and North-East Lincolnshire. The county is the second largest of the English counties and one that is predominantly agricultural in land use, United Kingdom, she went to school at Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School in Grantham, where she was head girl in 1942–43.[3] She read chemistry at Somerville College, Oxford Somerville College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, and was one of the first women's colleges to be founded there. As of 2006, Somerville had an estimated financial endowment of £44.5 million and later trained as a barrister A barrister is a lawyer found in many common law jurisdictions that employ a split profession in relation to legal representation. In split professions, the other types of lawyers are mainly solicitors. Solicitors have more direct contact with the clients, whereas barristers often only become involved in a case once advocacy before a court is. She won a seat in the 1959 general election This United Kingdom general election was held on 8 October 1959. It marked a third successive victory for the ruling Conservative Party, led by Harold Macmillan. The Conservatives increased their overall majority again, to 100 seats over the Labour Party under Hugh Gaitskell, becoming the MP for Finchley as a Conservative. When Edward Heath Sir Edward Richard George "Ted" Heath, KG, MBE was a British Conservative politician, who served one term as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974 and the Leader of the Conservative Party from 1965 to 1975. Heath's accession marked a change in the leadership of the Conservative Party from aristocratic figures such as formed a government in 1970, he appointed Thatcher Secretary of State for Education and Science. Four years later, she backed Keith Joseph Keith Sinjohn Joseph, Baron Joseph, Bt, CH, PC was a British barrister and politician. A member of the Conservative Party, he served in the Cabinet under three Prime Ministers (Harold Macmillan, Edward Heath and Margaret Thatcher), and is widely regarded to have been the "power behind the throne" in the creation of what came to be known in his bid to become Conservative Party leader but he was forced to drop out of the election. In 1975 Thatcher entered the contest herself and became leader of the Conservative Party. At the 1979 general election she became Britain's first female Prime Minister.
In her foreword to the 1979 Conservative manifesto, Thatcher had written of "a feeling of helplessness, that a once great nation has somehow fallen behind."[4] She entered 10 Downing Street 10 Downing Street in London, colloquially known in the United Kingdom as “Number 10”, is the official residence and office of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Situated on Downing Street in the City of Westminster, it is the headquarters of Her Majesty's Government and officially the residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, who is determined to reverse what she perceived as a precipitate national decline. Her political philosophy and economic policies emphasised deregulation, particularly of the financial sector, flexible labour markets, and the selling off and closing down of state owned companies A government-owned corporation, state-owned enterprise, state enterpise, or government business enterprise is a legal entity created by a government to undertake commercial activities on behalf of an owner government, and are usually considered to be an element or part of the state[citation needed]. There is no standard definition of a government- and withdrawing subsidy to others. Amid a recession and high unemployment, Thatcher's popularity declined, though economic recovery and the 1982 Falklands War The Falklands War , also called the Falklands Conflict/Crisis, was fought in 1982 between Argentina and the United Kingdom (UK) over the disputed Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The Falkland Islands consist of two large and many small islands in the South Atlantic Ocean east of Argentina; their name and brought a resurgence of support and she was re-elected in 1983. She took a hard line against trade unions, survived the Brighton hotel bombing The Brighton hotel bombing was the attack by the Provisional Irish Republican Army on the Grand Hotel in the English resort town of Brighton in the early morning of 12 October 1984 assassination attempt and opposed the Soviet Union (her tough-talking rhetoric gained her the nickname the "Iron Lady Iron Lady is a nickname that has frequently been used to describe female heads of government around the world. The term describes a "strong willed" woman. This iron metaphor was most famously applied to Margaret Thatcher, nicknamed so in 1976 by the Soviet media for her staunch opposition to communism"); she was re-elected for an unprecedented third term in 1987. The following years would prove difficult, as her Poll tax The Community Charge, popularly known as the "poll tax", was a system of taxation introduced in replacement of the rates to part fund local government in Scotland from 1989, and England and Wales from 1990. It provided for a single flat-rate per-capita tax on every adult, at a rate set by the local authority. The tax was greatly plan was largely unpopular, and her views regarding the European Community The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 member states which are located primarily in Europe. Committed to regional integration, the EU was established by the Treaty of Maastricht in 1993 upon the foundations of the European Communities. With over 500 million citizens, the EU combined generated an estimated 28% share (US$ 16.5 were not shared by others in her Cabinet. She resigned as Prime Minister in November 1990 after Michael Heseltine's challenge to her leadership of the Conservative Party.
Thatcher's tenure as Prime Minister was the longest since that of Lord Salisbury Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, KG, GCVO, PC , known as Lord Robert Cecil before 1865 and as Viscount Cranborne from 1865 until 1868, was a British statesman and thrice Prime Minister, serving for a total of over 13 years. He was the first British Prime Minister of the 20th century and the last Prime Minister to and the longest continuous period in office since Lord Liverpool Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool PC was a British politician and the longest-serving Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since the Union with Ireland in 1801. During his time as Prime Minister from 1812 to 1827, Liverpool became known for repressive measures introduced to maintain order, but also for steering the country through the in the early 19th century.[5] She was the first woman to lead a major political party in the United Kingdom, and the first of only four women to hold any of the four great offices of state. She holds a life peerage In the United Kingdom, life peers are appointed members of the Peerage whose titles may not be inherited. Nowadays life peerages, always of baronial rank, are created under the Life Peerages Act 1958 and entitle the holders to seats in the House of Lords, presuming they meet qualifications such as age and citizenship. Life peers are not considered as Baroness Thatcher, of Kesteven The Parts of Kesteven are a traditional subdivision of Lincolnshire, England. This subdivision had long had a separate county administration (Quarter Sessions), along with the other two parts Lindsey and Holland) in the County of Lincolnshire, which entitles her to sit in the House of Lords The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the United Kingdom's national legislature. Parliament comprises the Sovereign, the House of Commons (which is the lower house of Parliament and referred to as "the Commons"), and the Lords. Membership of the House of Lords was once a right of birth to.
Early life and education
The house where Margaret Thatcher was born in Grantham. Commemorative plaque at the birthplace of Margaret ThatcherMargaret Hilda Roberts was born on 13 October 1925 to Alfred Roberts, originally from Northamptonshire Northamptonshire is an inland county in the East Midlands region. It contains the watershed between the Severn and The Wash. Several important rivers have their sources in the north-west of the county, including the River Nene, which flows north-eastwards to The Wash, and the "Warwickshire Avon", which flows south-west to the Severn. In 1, and his wife, the former Beatrice Ethel Stephenson from Lincolnshire.[6][7] Thatcher spent her childhood in the town of Grantham in Lincolnshire, where her father owned two grocery shops.[8] She and her older sister Muriel (born 1921, Grantham;[9] died December 2004; married name Cullen)[10] were raised in the flat above the larger of the two located near the railway line.[11] Her father was active in local politics and religion, serving as an Alderman An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law. The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a borough or county council, or denote a council member chosen by the elected members themselves rather than by popular vote and Methodist Methodism is a movement of Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations, claiming a total of approximately seventy million adherents worldwide. The movement traces its roots to John Wesley's evangelistic revival movement in the Anglican Communion. His younger brother Charles was instrumental in writing much of the lay preacher. He came from a Liberal The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the mid 19th century until the rise of the Labour Party in the 1920s, and a third party of varying strength and importance up to 1988, when it merged with the Social Democratic Party to form a new party which would become known as the Liberal Democrats family but stood—as was then customary in local government—as an Independent In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do not feel that any major party addresses. Other independent candidates are associated with a. He lost his post as Alderman in 1952 after the Labour Party The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom, and is regarded as the principal party of the Left in England, Scotland and Wales since 1920. Labour first surpassed the Liberal Party in general elections during the early 1920s. It formed minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and from 1929 until 1931 and took won its first majority on Grantham Council in 1950.[12]
Margaret Roberts was brought up a strict Methodist Methodism is a movement of Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations, claiming a total of approximately seventy million adherents worldwide. The movement traces its roots to John Wesley's evangelistic revival movement in the Anglican Communion. His younger brother Charles was instrumental in writing much of the by her father.[13] Having attended Huntingtower Road Primary School, she won a scholarship to Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School.[14] Her school reports show hard work and commitment, but not brilliance. Outside the classroom she played hockey Field hockey is a team sport in which a team of players attempt to score goals by hitting, pushing or flicking the ball with hockey sticks into the opposing team's goal. Its official name is simply hockey, and this is the common name for it in many countries. However, the name field hockey is used in countries where the word hockey is usually and also enjoyed swimming and walking.[15] Finishing school during the Second World War, she applied for a scholarship to attend Somerville College, Oxford Somerville College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, and was one of the first women's colleges to be founded there. As of 2006, Somerville had an estimated financial endowment of £44.5 million, but was only successful when the winning candidate dropped out.[16] She went to Oxford in 1943 and studied Natural Sciences, specialising in Chemistry.[8][17] She became President of the Oxford University Conservative Association The Oxford University Conservative Association is a student political organisation founded in 1924 whose members are drawn from the University of Oxford in 1946, the third woman to hold the post. At Oxford she read Friedrich von Hayek Friedrich August von Hayek CH , was an Austrian-born economist and philosopher known for his defence of classical liberalism and free-market capitalism against socialist and collectivist thought. He is considered by some to be one of the most important economists and political philosophers of the twentieth century. Hayek's account of how changing's recently published (1944) The Road to Serfdom The Road to Serfdom is a book written by Friedrich Hayek which had significantly shaped the political ideologies of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan and the concepts of ‘Thatcherism’ and of ‘Reagonomics’. The Road to Serfdom is among the most influential and popular expositions of classical liberalism and libertarianism. " I cannot claim that I fully grasped the implications of Hayek's little masterpiece at this time, [but] at this stage it was the..unanswerable criticisms of socialism in The Road to Serfdom which had an impact." In 1946 Roberts took the Final Honour School examination, graduating with a Second Class The British undergraduate degree classification system is a grading scheme for undergraduate degrees in the United Kingdom. The system has been applied (sometimes with significant variations) in other countries, such as Australia, Barbados, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, New Zealand, Nigeria, Bachelor of Arts degree. She subsequently studied crystallography and received a postgraduate BSc degree in 1947. Three years later, in 1950, she achieved a Master of Arts In the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin, the degree of Master of Arts or Master in Arts is awarded to Bachelors of Arts of those universities on application after six or seven years' seniority as members of the university (including years as an undergraduate) degree, according to her entitlement as an Oxford BA of seven years' standing since matriculation Matriculation, in the broadest sense, means to be registered or added to a list, from the Latin matricula - little list. In Scottish heraldry, for instance, a matriculation is a registration of armorial bearings. The most common meaning, however, refers to the formal process of entering a university, or of becoming eligible to enter by acquiring.[8]
Following graduation, Roberts moved to Colchester in Essex, to work as a research chemist for BX Plastics.[18] During this time she joined the local Conservative Association and attended the party conference at Llandudno in 1948, as a representative of the University Graduate Conservative Association.[19] She was also a member of the Association of Scientific Workers. In January 1949, a friend from Oxford, who was working for the Dartford Dartford is the principal town in the borough of Dartford. It is situated in the northwest corner of Kent, England, 16 miles east south-east of central London Conservative Association, told her that they were looking for candidates.[19] After a brief period, she was selected as the Conservative candidate, and she subsequently moved to Dartford, Kent, to stand for election as a Member of Parliament. To support herself during this period, she went to work for J. Lyons and Co., where she helped develop methods for preserving ice cream and was paid £500 per year.[19]
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Vanity Fair ... feeling is for just about the most fractious and audacious and possibly dangerous change in the direction of liberal government since Margaret Thatcher . ...
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57 quotes and quotations by . Margaret Thatcher. .
Q. I remember as a child my father always used to say how much he hated Margaret Thatcher..something to do with the Coal Mines closing in Yorkshire where he worked. Can anyone elaborate?? I thought it was the poll tax thing? All great answers thankyou now I have more understanding.
Asked by unknown - Fri Jun 12 07:47:43 2009 - - 7 Answers - 0 Comments
A. Britain was at it's most succesful during the Thatcher years, if you loved her or hated her. She upset a lot of people and she did close the coalmines. The problem is coal was out of fashion, times were changing and she recognised those changes and led them. It upset a lot of people. Although those coalminers suffered, losing their jobs was inevitable at some time or another, and Thatcher had the foresight to lead Britain another way. I think power went to her head in the end and she upset people even more with her poll tax idea, but she was one of the best leaders Britain has ever had. Under Thatcher, Britain was one of the strongest countries financially, in the world. Then labour came along and systematically destroyed the UK.
Answered by Trouble - Fri Jun 12 08:04:03 2009
